Gender Inequalities in Malawi Essay - 1448 Words

Many developing countries experience significant issues that help shape their culture and government. Malawi is a country that has experienced many difficult trials throughout her upbringing that has given her a unique civilization. Such tribulations can be seen in the countries issues that arise with women. Although Malawi has progressed immensely over the decades, one could argue that the country is still developing because of the on-going problem dealing with gender inequalities towards women, such as in the workplace, home, and in society as a whole. Malawi adopted her own Constitution is 1994, which established many laws for the country to abide by. (â€Å"Gender Equality†) Similar to the United States of America, Malawi set the†¦show more content†¦Most employers will not even hire a woman, but the ones who do hire women discriminate within that group of women. To be interviewed, a woman is usually between the ages of twenty-five to thirty-four and married with a family. These categories the women are put in rarely have divorced women without children as well. The majority of jobs these women get hired for are in the personal and social service, so they are very low paying careers. (Kakhongwe 6) Therefore, low numbers of women are getting hired to these minimum wage jobs, and the employer discriminates against the women applying for the jobs. Although there have been large numbers of women hired to these jobs, the employer pays them less than the male, which is far below minimum wage. Also, the educational requirements for the women tend to be higher than they are for the men in the same occupations, which is very discriminatory. (Green) Not only are the women discriminated against, but they are often times sexually abused by the men or bosses in the workplace. Some of these women have no honest men in their lives that they can turn to and trust: â€Å"These women also face abuse (including rape) by the police. Although legal measures exist in society that protect women and girls from some forms of violence, the existing discriminatory legal system often leaves women without adequate judicial recourse† (â€Å"The Situation†). As a result of these sexual abuses coming from several men,Show MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Tuberculosis, Kenya, Uganda And The Democratic Republic Of The Congo1665 Words   |  7 PagesSolis A and Martinez G, 2006). This essay will explore stigmatisation in relation to gender, HIV/AIDS and Traditional beliefs and how this imposes on poor TB control. Many findings illustrate that TB patients face stigma related issues which often hinder effective TB control. Gender Somma et al (2008) carried out a multi-cultural epidemiological study. This study was carried out in Bangladesh, India, Malawi and Colombia. Approximately 100 patients from each country were interviewed. This studyRead MoreThe Trends in Depressive Disorders in Malawi from 1990 tO 20101761 Words   |  8 PagesPublic Health Interventions on mental health service delivery in Malawi There have been a strong advocacy by the mental health practitioners to strengthen the elements of public health such as public health intelligence, interventions and infrastructure in addressing mental health services during international conferences (11). This has led to the Ministry of Health in Malawi to plan for the interventions dealing with the disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of the patients once theyRead MoreNegative Effects Of Hiv Related Social Services940 Words   |  4 Pagesprovided, corruption of services, and improper education given to distributors and recipients of the HIV related social service. One significant study that reports on negative effects of social services for people living with HIV was conducted in Malawi. The author chose to qualitatively analyze the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa by talking to the people of the region (Myroniuk, 2011). A unique aspect of this research is that it focuses on Malawians that have received higher levels of educationRead MoreThe Effects of HIV Related Stigma841 Words   |  3 PagesThis is, arguably, the most pervasive barrier that impedes access to fair and effective health services as well as food and treatment by deepening inequalities at all other levels involved in this study. Stigma refers to attitudes or beliefs about what is socially unacceptable expressed through discriminatory, or unjust, behaviors that produce feelings of shame and self-stigmatization (MANET+ 2012; AVERT; Pebody 2012). This causes social exclusion and it can undermine the success of community-basedRead MoreDeveloping A New Generation Of Empowered An d Informed Individuals2392 Words   |  10 PagesEducation is an incredibly important resource to help create a new generation of empowered and informed individuals, which can lead to improvements in overcoming inequality or poverty. Without receiving education, children are being excluded from opportunities to better their future and current situation, which is especially critical for impoverished families or marginalized groups. However, the current education system throughout most of the continent seems to exclude the people who need it theRead MoreRole of Gender in Industrial and Post Industrial1955 Words   |  8 PagesVISION MALAWI P O BOX 692 LILONGWE MALAWI STUDENT NO : 35890347 MODULE : GROUP DYNAMICS MODULE NO : SOC 306B SEMESTER : 00 ASSIGNMENT NO : 02 Table of Contents Assignment Questions iii A. ROLE OF GENDER AND EMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRIAL AND POST INDUSTRIAL 1 SOCIETIES IN RELATION TO POWER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 GENDER DEFINED 1 3.0 ASPECTS OF GENDER 2 4.0 GENDER AND POWER RELATIONS 2 4.1 Patriarchy System 2 4.2 Biological aspect 3 5.0 INEQUALITIES IN EMPLOYMENTRead MoreThe Problem Of Gender Inequality1041 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity to have an education due to the lack of belief in the value of education for women in. In addition to that, women have certain regulations and laws to abide by regarding legal and political rights. Furthermore, there is the problem of gender inequality in the workplace for women as they face discrimination. Women face injustice to be considered equal to men in third world countries. The majority of girls who aren’t in school in developing countries face social or family barriers. Women canRead MoreRoles Of The Private Sector And Partnerships1499 Words   |  6 Pagesaware of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 13% have began implementing new practices. Dyborn Chibonga is the CEO of NAFSAM and part of the Malawi Government agriculture cluster for the World Trade Organization (WTO). Mr. Chibonga identified inefficient farming as one of the driving forces behind Malawian poverty. Climate change in Malawi has a particularly strong influence on the productivity of farming, as open fields and poor infrastructure expose crops to floods and diseases. A centralRead More An Overview of Aging and Existing Cultural Differences Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagescommon in countries like Japan to find extended families with up to three generations living together’ (AFS, 2000). Also in many societies death does not usually occur during adulthood, but rather during old age. ‘Though in countries like Zimbabwe and Malawi individuals do not get to live a long adulthood since the life expectancy is thirty-eight years’ (Rosenberg, 2000). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Old age is the last stage of life itself, beginning in about the mid-sixties. This final phase of theRead MoreAn Overview of Aging and Existing Cultural Differences1477 Words   |  6 Pagesin countries like Japan to find extended families with up to three generations living together (AFS, 2000). Also in many societies death does not usually occur during adulthood, but rather during old age. ‘Though in countries like Zimbabwe and Malawi individuals do not get to live a long adulthood since the life expectancy is thirty-eight years (Rosenberg, 2000). Old age is the last stage of life itself, beginning in about the mid-sixties. This final phase of the life course differs in an important

The Ancient Maya Essay - 940 Words

The Maya of Mesoamerica, along with the Aztecs of Mexico and the Incas of Peru, made up the high civilizations of the American Indians at the time of the Spanish conquest. Both the Aztecs and the Incas were late civilizations, between 1300-1533 AD, but the Maya of the Yucatan and Guatemala exhibited a cultural continuity spanning more than 2,000 years, 1000 BC-AD 1542. Many aspects of this culture continue yet today. The Ancient Maya in their time had actually refined writing. They had an extensive written language, which was both phonetic as well as ideographic. One of only five independently created writing systems in human history. Maya words were in hieroglyphs, each picture with its own meaning. Unlike other ancient†¦show more content†¦The gods were modeled after animals for sacrificial purposes and religious ceremonies. The ancient Maya had many beliefs. They had possessed an in depth understanding of astronomy, engineering, and mathematics. The Maya believed that the Sun, Moon, and other planets, had been journeys of the gods. The Mayan priests studied their measurement of time. The Maya had a calendar with 18 months each containing 20 days, plus 5 unlucky days that made up the Mayan year. They also had a religious calendar that had 260 days in it. Each day was given a name and a number. They believed that each day was a god that carried the weight of the day on its back. The Mayan civilization in all stages has been based on agriculture. Indian corn or maize was domesticated from a wild grass in central Mexico about 7,000 years ago and sustained most sedentary Indian civilizations from that time. In the humid areas, a surplus of water and rapid growth of trees and vines encouraged the slash-and-burn farming method. The farmer cleared the cornfield by cutting bushes and girdling the trees, usually near the end of the rainy season, allowing the piled brush to dry under the hot sun of the dry season. It is known that the Mayas enjoyed chocolate. They had it in many forms from a frothy drink to a pulpy mush. The Mayas referred to chocolate as quot;The Drink of the Gods.quot; They had other food such as cornmeal, maize, blackShow MoreRelatedAncient Maya Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Maya Essay Matthew Pitcher Mrs Meligrana Ancient Civilizations June 8th, 2011 Pitcher1 The Ancient Mayan civilization stands out from other ancient civilizations and is great because of its outstanding achievements and developments. The Mayans are still known to this day for their exceptional architecture, medical discoveries, astronomy, and military tactics which were very successful. In this essay I will explain what the Mayans have achieved to make themselvesRead MoreAncient Maya Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Maya The ancient Maya were a group of American Indian peoples who lived in Southern Mexico. Their descendants, the modern Maya,live in the same regions today. 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He shares his ideas concerning Mayan overpopulation, warfare, competition between nobles, and an ideological decline but does not claim toRead MoreAncient Mayan Script Of The Maya1282 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Mayan Script The Maya hieroglyphic writing is perhaps one of the most complex writing systems in the world. This writing system contains over hundreds of rare signs or glyphs in the form of humans, animals, and objects. Many of these signs contained either logograms or syllabograms to write words, sentences, and phrases. Logograms were to used express the meaning and syllabograms to denote sound values. The Mayan’s were able to write anything that they can say. They were able to turn whateverRead MoreMaya And The Ancient Civilizations1283 Words   |  6 PagesTo this day, historians still discuss when exactly the Maya civilizations started but the most commonly accepted date is 1800 BCE in the Soconusco Region. Unlike other Mesoamerican civilizations, Maya was not confined to one area of land but rather stretched out over Central America. To historians today, the Maya civilization reached its peak during the Classic Period between AD 250 and 900. At its peak, the Maya population was over 2,000,000 people. Excavations of Mayan cities have uncovered plazasRead MoreThe Ancient Empires Are The Maya, Aztec And Inca1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe three ancient empires are the Maya, Aztec and Inca. Indigenous had no resistance to smallpox and measles. Mulattos have mixed African and Iberian ancestry. Mestizos are people with mixed ancestry, specifically Amerindian and Spanish ancestry. Indigenous traditions, European-derived music, and African-inspired musical activity make up the music of Central America, South America, and Mexico. African influence is evident in African secular and religious practices, in instruments modeled after AfricanRead MoreAncient Maya Religious Practices and Beliefs Essays1267 Words   |  6 PagesAlmost every aspect of Maya life was centered on religion. These ancient Mesoamerican peoples worshipped many gods and goddesses; this was part of their daily lives, despite class differences in their sophisticated society. Religion served as a basis for the government and social life. Priests and shamans played an important role in their government, conducted religious ceremonies, and made sacrifices to the gods. The Maya believed in the supernatural, and used this belief to explain life andRead MoreThe Ancient Native Empires of the Inca, Maya, and the Aztecs559 Words   |  2 Pages I am going to read about three ancient native empires. They are called the Inca, Maya, and the Aztecs. They were all ancient and well known empires. 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Maya culture was at its highest, massive temples were lined up in exactness with the night skyRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Mayan Civilizations733 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferent types of civilizations. Three major ones are the Aztec, Maya, and Inca . These different civilizations play a very important role in history today. The Maya empire was highly skilled at building and architecture. They also were the only empire in mesoamerica to develop a complete writing system. The Maya were also highly skilled at agriculture and farming. The Maya were by far the most advanced and smart civilization. The Maya empire was very precise and exact when it came to architecture

Different Issues About Sex Education Education Essay Free Essays

Introduction Sexual activity instruction is perchance one of the most talked-about subjects presents, particularly among concerned citizens and the authorities. Sexual activity is a natural thing for all of us and it is merely right for the research workers every bit good as the readers to cognize and larn more about it. But the inquiry is, is it right for sex instruction to be taught in primary schools? This research paper tackles the different issues about sex instruction. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Issues About Sex Education Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It contains the pros and cons of learning sex instruction in primary schools. Opinions from different sides such as instructors in primary and secondary schools are considered. With such divisions, the reader can come close their ain comprehension of the subject and therefore lend ways to help the primary pupils sing this affair. In this research paper, the research workers would wish to demo the readers the importance of instructors ‘ perceptual experience on learning sex instruction in primary schools. The research workers are convinced that this paper will be of great value to pupils and instructors. Conceptual Model Sexual activity Education Teachers Secondary Primary Percept Statement of the Problem The survey aimed to happen out the instructors ‘ position on learning sex instruction in primary schools. What is the general profile of the respondents in footings of: Age Civil Status Gender Capable instruction What are the instructors ‘ positions of learning sex instruction in primary schools? What are the issues/concerns of instructors in the instruction of sex instruction primary schools? Is there a important difference on how the instructors view the instruction of sex instruction when compared by primary and secondary schools? Hypothesis There is no important difference between the positions of the instructors from primary and secondary schools. Premises of the Study The research workers assume that the questionnaires distributed to the respondents are answered candidly and truthfully, and that all informations that will be gathered is dependable to the survey. The research workers besides assume that the personal values may impact the respondent ‘s reaction to the inquiries given and personal experiences may act upon the response to the inquiry. Research Locale The survey will be conducted in Southville International School and Colleges located at 1281 Tropical Ave. cor. Luxembourg St. , BF International, Las Pinas City, Philippines. The school will be the focal point of the survey because it is more convenient to the research workers, it has a large population and it is suited for the survey. Significance of the survey Parents: They will be guided on doing the determination of allowing their kids analyze sex instruction in the school where their kids are analyzing. Students: They will hold an thought about what they can acquire from larning sex instruction. They will be cognizant that the really bosom of this issue is for their hereafter. Scope and Restrictions: The research focused on the perceptual experiences of the instructors towards learning sex instruction in primary schools. The respondents are the instructors in primary and secondary degree of school twelvemonth 2010-2011, from Southville International School and Colleges. Definition of Footings Curricula- are the classs offered by an educational establishment. It is besides a set of classs representing an country of specialisation. Mandatory- can besides be mandatory the instruction of sex instruction is obligatory. Optional- the instruction of sex instruction for immature people is non mandatory. Perception- is a consequence of perceiving, observation, a mental image, or construct. Primary school- includes classs one to six. Secondary school- a school normally including old ages 7 to 10. Sexuality- is an look of sexual receptiveness or involvement particularly when inordinate. Sexual activity wise- it is a 12 portion series which discussed sex instruction, household life instruction, contraceptive method, household life instruction, contraceptive method and parenting. Sexual activity Education- is an instruction about human sexual anatomy, reproduction, and intercourse and other human sexual behavior. Young people- are besides referred to as adolescents or kids ages between to 10 to 12. Review of Related Literature Sexual activity Education It is sometimes called gender instruction or sex and relationships instruction, is the procedure of geting information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual individuality, relationships and familiarity. Sexual activity instruction is besides about developing immature people ‘s accomplishments so that they make informed picks about their behaviour, and experience confident and competent about moving on these picks. It is widely accepted that immature people have a right to arouse instruction. This is because it is a agency by which they are helped to protect themselves against maltreatment, development, unintended gestations, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and AIDS. It is besides argued that supplying sex instruction helps to run into immature people ‘s rights to information about affairs that affect them, their right to hold their demands met and to assist them bask their gender and the relationships that they form. It aims to cut down the hazards of potentially negative results from sexual behaviour, such as unwanted or unplanned gestations and infection with sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. It besides aims to lend to immature people ‘s positive experience of their gender by heightening the quality of their relationships and their ability to do informed determinations over their life-time. Sexual activity instruction that works, by which we mean that it is effectual is sex instruction that contributes to both these purposes therefore assisting immature people to be safe and bask their gender. ( http: //www.avert.org/sex-education.htm, 2010 ) Beliefs Young people can be exposed to a broad scope of attitudes and beliefs in relation to sex and gender. These sometimes appear contradictory and confusing. For illustration, some wellness messages emphasize the hazards and dangers associated with sexual activity and some media coverage promotes the thought that being sexually active makes a individual more attractive and mature. Because sex and gender are sensitive topics, immature people and sex pedagogues can hold strong positions on what attitudes people should keep, and what moral model should regulate people ‘s behavior – these excessively can sometimes look to be at odds. Young people are really interested in the moral and cultural models that bind sex and gender. They frequently welcome chances to speak about issues where people have strong positions, like abortion, sex before matrimony, sapphic and cheery issues and contraceptive method and birth control. It is of import to retrieve that speaking in a balanced manne r about differences in sentiment does non advance one set of positions over another, or intend that one agrees with a peculiar position. Part of researching and understanding cultural, spiritual and moral positions is happening out that you can hold to differ. Effective sex instruction besides provides immature people with an chance to research the grounds why people have sex, and to believe about how it involves emotions, regard for one ego and other people and their feelings, determinations and organic structures. Young people should hold the opportunity to research gender differences and how ethnicity and gender can act upon people ‘s feelings and options. They should be able to make up one’s mind for themselves what the positive qualities of relationships are. It is of import that they understand how intimidation, pigeonholing, maltreatment and development can negatively act upon relationships. . ( As besides stated at the web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.avert.org/sex-education.htm, 2010 ) Sexual activity instruction worldwide Africa Sexual activity instruction in Africa has focused on stemming the turning AIDS epidemic. Most authoritiess in the part have established AIDS instruction plans in partnership with the World Health Organization and international NGOs. These plans were undercut significantly by the Global Gag Rule, an enterprise put in topographic point by President Reagan, suspended by President Clinton, and re-instated by President Bush. The Global Gag Rule â€Å" †¦ required nongovernmental organisations to hold as a status of their reception of Federal financess that such organisations would neither execute nor actively promote abortion as a method of household planning in other states. † The Global Gag Rule was once more suspended as one of the first official Acts of the Apostless by United States President Barack Obama. The incidences of new HIV transmittals in Uganda decreased dramatically when Clinton supported a comprehensive sex instruction attack ( including information about cont raceptive method and abortion ) . Harmonizing to Ugandan AIDS militants, the Global Gag Rule undermined community attempts to cut down HIV prevalence and HIV transmittal. Europe Suomi In Filand, sexual instruction is normally incorporated into assorted obligatory classs, chiefly as portion of biological science lessons ( in lower classs ) and subsequently in a class related to general wellness issues. The Population and Family Welfare Federation provide all 15-year-olds an introductory sexual bundle that includes an information booklet, a rubber and a sketch love narrative. England and Wales In England and Wales, sex instruction is non mandatory in schools as parents can decline to allow their kids take portion in the lessons. The course of study focuses on the generative system, foetal development, and the physical and emotional alterations of adolescence, while information about contraceptive method and safe sex is discretional and treatment about relationships is frequently neglected. Britain has one of the highest adolescent gestation rates in Europe and sex instruction is a het issue in authorities and media studies. In a 2000 survey by the University of Brighton, many 14 to 15 twelvemonth olds reported letdown with the content of sex instruction lessons and felt that deficiency of confidentiality prevents adolescents from inquiring instructors about contraceptive method. France In France, sex instruction has been portion of school course of study since 1973. Schools are expected to supply 30 to 40 hours of sex instruction, and base on balls out rubbers, to pupils in classs eight and nine. In January 2000, the Gallic authorities launched an information run on contraceptive method with Television and wireless musca volitanss and the distribution of five million cusps on contraceptive method to high school pupils. Germany In Germany, sex instruction has been portion of school course of study since 1970. Since 1992 sex instruction is by jurisprudence a governmental responsibility. It usually covers all topics refering the growing-up procedure, organic structure alterations during pubescence, emotions, the biological procedure of reproduction, sexual activity, partnership, homosexualism, unwanted gestations and the complications of abortion, the dangers of sexual force, kid maltreatment, and sex-transmitted diseases, but sometimes besides things like sex places. Most schools offer classs on the right use of contraceptive method. A sex study by the World Health Organization refering the wonts of European adolescents in 2006 revealed that German adolescents care about contraceptive method. The birth rate among 15- to 19-year-olds was really low – merely 11.7 per 1000 population, compared to the UK ‘s 27.8 births per 1,000 population, and-in first place-Bulgaria ‘s 39.0 births per 1,000. Poland In the Western point of position, sex instruction in Poland has ne’er really developed. At the clip of the People ‘s Republic of Poland, since 1973, it was one of the school topics ; nevertheless, it was comparatively hapless and did non accomplish any existent success. After 1989, it practically vanished from the school life – it is presently an sole topic ( called wychowanie do A?ycia w rodzinie/family life instruction instead than edukacja seksualna/sex instruction ) in several schools their parents must give consent to the schoolmasters so their kids may go to. It has much due to the strong expostulation against sex instruction of the Catholic Church ; the most influential establishment in Poland. It has, nevertheless, been changed and since September 2009 sex instruction will go an obligatory topic in the figure of 14 per school twelvemonth – unless parents do non desire their kids to be taught. Objecting parents will hold to compose particular dissensions. North America United States About all U.S. pupils receive some signifier of sex instruction at least one time between classs 7 and 12 ; many schools begin turn toing some subjects every bit early as classs 5 or 6. However, what pupils learn varies widely, because course of study determinations are so decentralised. Many provinces have Torahs regulating what is taught in sex instruction categories or leting parents to choose out. Some province Torahs leave course of study determinations to single school territories. Two chief signifiers of sex instruction are taught in American schools: comprehensive and abstinence-only. Comprehensive sex instruction covers abstinence as a positive pick, but besides teaches about contraceptive method and turning away of STIs when sexually active. A 2002 survey conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that 58 % of secondary school principals describe their sex instruction course of study as comprehensive. Abstinence-only sex instruction tells adolescents that they should be sexually abstentious until matrimony and does non supply information about contraceptive method. In the Kaiser survey, 34 % of high-school principals said their school ‘s chief message was abstinence-only. The difference between these two attacks, and their impact on adolescent behaviour, remains a controversial topic. In the U.S. , teenage birth rates had been dropping since 1991, but a 2007 study showed a 3 % addition from 2005 to 2006. From 1991 to 2005, the per centum of teens describing that they had of all time had sex or were presently sexually active showed little diminutions. However, the U.S. still has the highest adolescent birth rate and one of the highest rates of STIs among teens in the industrialised universe. Public sentiment polls conducted over the old ages have found that the huge bulk of Americans favour broader sex instruction plans over those that teach merely abstinence, although abstention pedagogues late published canvass informations with the opposite decision. On the other manus, advocates of abstinence-only sex instruction object to curricula that fail to learn their criterion of moral behaviour ; they maintain that a morality based on sex merely within the bounds of matrimony is â€Å" healthy and constructive † and that value-free cognition of the organic structure may take to immoral, unhealthy, and harmful patterns. Within the last decennary, the federal authorities has encouraged abstinence-only instruction by maneuvering over a billion dollars to such plans. Some 25 provinces now decline the support so that they can go on to learn comprehensive sex instruction. Funding for one of the federal authorities ‘s two chief abstinency-only support plans, Title V, was extended merely until December 31, 2007 ; Congress is debating whether to go on it past that day of the month. The impact of the rise in abstinence-only instruction remains a inquiry. To day of the month, no published surveies of abstinence-only plans have found consistent and important plan effects on detaining the oncoming of intercourse. In 2007, a survey ordered by the U.S. Congress found that in-between school pupils who took portion in abstinence-only sex instruction plans were merely every bit likely to hold sex ( and utilize contraceptive method ) in their teenage old ages as those who did non. Abstinence-only advocators claimed that the survey was flawed because it was excessively narrow and began when abstinence-only course of study were in their babyhood, and that other surveies have demonstrated positive effects. Harmonizing to a 2007 study, Teen pregnancies in the United States showed 3 % addition in the adolescent birth rate from 2005 to 2006, to about 42 births per 1,000. Virginia Virginia uses the sex instruction plan called, The National Campaign to forestall adolescent and unplanned gestation. The National Campaign was created in 1996. The plan focuses on forestalling adolescent and unplanned gestations of immature grownups. The National run set a end to cut down adolescent gestation rate by 1/3 in 10 old ages. The Virginia Department of Health ranked Virginia 19th in adolescent gestation birth rates in 1996. Virginia was besides rated 35.2 adolescent births per 1000 misss aged 15-19 in 2006. The Healthy people 2010 end is a adolescent gestation rate at or below 43 gestations per 1000 females age 15-17. Asia The province of sex instruction plans in Asia is at assorted phases of development. Indonesia, Mongolia, South Korea have a systematic policy model for learning about sex within schools. Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand have assessed adolescent generative wellness demands with a position to developing adolescent-specific preparation, messages and stuffs. India has plans aimed at kids aged nine to sixteen old ages. In India, there is a immense argument on the course of study of sex instruction and whether it should be increased. Attempts by province authoritiess to present sex instruction as a mandatory portion of the course of study have frequently been met with rough unfavorable judgment by political parties, who claim that sex instruction â€Å" is against Indian civilization † and would misdirect kids. ( Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan have no coordinated sex instruction plans. ) In Japan, sex instruction is compulsory from age 10 or 11, chiefly covering biological subjects such as menses and interjection. In China and Sri Lanka, sex instruction traditionally consists of reading the reproduction subdivision of biological science text editions. In Sri Lanka they teach the kids when they are 17-18 old ages. However, in 2000 a new five-year undertaking was introduced by the China Family Planning Association to â€Å" advance generative wellness instruction among Chinese adolescents and single young person † in 12 urban territories and three counties. This included treatment about sex within human relationships every bit good as gestation and HIV bar. The International Planned Parenthood Federation and the BBC World Service ran a 12-part series known as Sexwise, which discussed sex instruction, household life instruction, contraceptive method and parenting. It was foremost launched in South Asia and so extended worldwide. Acrimonious Argument over Sexual activity Education in the Philippines The educational faculty â€Å" Adolescent Sexual Health, † though non yet released to all high schools in the Philippines, has already drawn heavy unfavorable judgment from the Roman Catholic Church, pro-life militants, and some parents. â€Å" The manner it is being taught deficiencies the fear, the polish that the capable affair demands, † said Jo Imbong, legal officer of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines. Deciding when to learn kids about sex should be left to their parents, he said. But Professor Corazon Raymundo, manager of the University of the Philippines ‘ Population Institute ( UPPI ) , said sex instruction in schools is necessary because it is non in the state ‘s civilization for parents to discourse sex with their kids. The instruction section, which presented the faculty as a response to the state ‘s flourishing population growing, emphasized it is non a sex manual but instead a instruction usher covering with household planning, generative wellness, and the dangers of early and pre-marital sex. Harmonizing to a UPPI study, 23 per centum of Filipinos ages 15-24 engaged in pre-marital sex in 2002, up from 18 per centum in 1994. The prevalence of bad sexual behaviours among striplings rose from 20 per centum in 1994 to 27 per centum in 2002. Further, this age group now accounts for 17 per centum of all induced abortions in the state. â€Å" It ‘s high clip that the ignorance of striplings be addressed in a manner that will let them to do an informed pick, † said Solita Monsod, former economic planning secretary. Now, nevertheless, instruction functionaries have responded to the unfavorable judgment by retreating the faculty â€Å" for farther communications among stakeholders. † Before it is returned to schools, some subdivisions will be revised, said Lolita Andrada, the faculty ‘s editor and the manager of the Bureau of Secondary Education. In peculiar, the subdivision on safe sex, which some viewed as a publicity of promiscuousness, will be rewritten, Andrada said. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thebody.com/content/news/art23803.html, 2010 ) Dep.Ed. sued over sex instruction program MANILA, Philippines ( UPDATE ) – The former legal officer of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines on Monday sued the Department of Education for integrating sex instruction in the course of study of simple and high school pupils. In an interview, attorney Jo Aurea Imbong said she filed the instance in behalf of 30 concerned parents who opposed the sex instruction program. She described the sex instruction plan as a signifier of â€Å" prophylactic imperialism † that assaults moral esthesias and values of immature people and really encourages sexual promiscuousness. â€Å" We have examined the faculties being used by DepEd and found that it promotes household planning, generative wellness and demographic development in topics such as Mathematicss, Science and English. It is specifically designed to transform the attitudes, behaviour and societal norms of immature people based on a foreign theoretical account, † she told abs-cbnNEWS.com. Imbong said the category suit aims to halt DepEd from implementing Memorandum No. 26, which integrates sex instruction in the course of study for private and public schools. She said the plan changes the attitudes and values of kids particularly in Christian households. Imbong said sex instruction was already being implemented in the basic instruction course of study 12 old ages ago, and the new DepEd memo merely updates the faculties. She said following the sex instruction program will fast-track moral decay among immature people who are exposed to sex at an early age. â€Å" While wonder is normal for immature people, it is still the primary duty of the parents and households to inform their kids about sex, † she said. She besides noted that the sex instruction plan is having funding from the United Nations Fund for Population Activities ( UNFPA ) . In response, Education Secretary Mona Valisno said the sex instruction plan is still being pilot-tested and that the treatments will concentrate on the scientific discipline of reproduction, physical attention and hygiene, right values and the norms of interpersonal dealingss to avoid prenuptial sex and adolescent gestation. She said the Deped consulted different sectors about the plan including the CBCP and the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas. She said parents who were consulted about the plan were really happy with it particularly since it provides relevant information to kids. She besides questioned why a tribunal instance was filed particularly since the plan does non belie the authorization of DepEd to protect kids ‘s rights to quality instruction. â€Å" Our course of study does n’t speak about rubbers and such. It ‘s merely exposure to the kids to the right information in order for them to do the right determination†¦ Kung hindi natin kailangan, so the new secretary of instruction can alter it, † she told ANC. She said the sex instruction program seeks to conflict the high per centum of indefensible gestations in the state, which is one of the 10 highest in the universe, and prevent dropouts as a consequence of teenage gestations. She said the subjects integrated into the faculties will be scientific and enlightening and are non designed to tickle lubricious involvement. In Science, sex instruction subjects will cover the generative system, parts of the organic structure, generative rhythm, and pubescence. Under Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan ( EPP ) , proper behaviour among and between equals of different genders will be discussed. In Health categories under MAPEH ( Music, Arts, PE and Health ) , personal hygiene and generative wellness will be portion of the lessons. In Heograpiya, Kasaysayan, at Sibika ( HEKASI ) classes, treatment will include the place of faith on prenuptial sex and the norms when people of opposite sex interact.A In Math categories, informations on issues like prenuptial sex, adolescent gestation, and sexually transmitted infections will be used in analyzing mathematical analysis and statistics. ( Dizon, 2010 ) How to cite Different Issues About Sex Education Education Essay, Essay examples

Subcultures in Organization free essay sample

Discuss whether an organization might be better considered as consisting of many sub-cultures which are conceptually different, rather than one major culture. * An introduction Culture, whether in some organization or society, is about people. People play a key role in culture. People create culture.And because people are individual units with different opinions, values, goals, attitudes, wants and needs but at the same time they interact with other people, they share all of these things with others on the base of the communication and they influence each other, so naturally it leads to exchange of their opinions, many confrontation and inflicts. But confrontation and conflicts do not always mean something wrong, it can bring improvement, progress, and change. And likewise, it goes the same in organizations. One person is equal to one opinion in some particular issue.And nobody can say this is a good or bad way or decision. For somebody it is obvious that some manner is the best and for another person it can mean something totally different. We will write a custom essay sample on Subcultures in Organization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More people, more opinions and more points of view. Sometimes it can make more difficulties and another time make things easier. That is why it is not easy and clear to say whether an organization might be better considered as consisting of many sub-cultures which are conceptually different, rather than one major culture. Because we have to take into account all of these things which I mentioned before.In this essay I try to assess all factors related to corporate culture and its sub- cultures and find out pros and cons of one major culture and sub-cultures in the organization. * A central part In the beginning lets have a look at two basic terms which are fundamental in this topic. These are corporate culture and sub-culture. Everybody knows what to imagine under these words. But everybody can imagine something else, each of us perceives corporate culture differently and this is the reason why there exist a lot of definitions of culture. Of course will not write down many definitions here but I would like to mention just one which on my opinion is the most apposite. According to Andrew Brown (1995, 1998) who stated the definition of organizational culture in his book Organizational Culture is the following: Organizational culture refers to the pattern of beliefs, values and learned ways of coping with experience that have developed during the course of an organizations history, and which tend to e manifested in its material arrangements and in the behaviors of its members. Simply said, organizational culture is everything what surrounds us at work. Organizational culture influences everything what it happens in a company, companys SUCCeSS and efficiency. When we are taking into account two companies with the same technological equipment, so theoretically they should be equally successful, but they are not. Why? The answer is different corporate culture. Corporate culture can support strategy and companys goals but on the other side it can mean for company obstacles in progress, higher cost and low competitiveness. Every organizational culture can contain many sub-cultures. And sub-culture in organization is the second very important term which want to mention. We can say that sub-culture is natural phenomenon within the company and a subgroup of a larger organizational culture with the unique values and beliefs. Subcultures are caused by a particular employees interests, different levels of management (e. G. Hand worker x manager) different functional areas (people have another scope of employment or solve totally different types of problems or With the same scope of employment but with insufficient cooperation e. Human resources x Informatics) or by large distance within the same organization. In many cases the presence of sub-cultures is desirable for company and positive but the culture in the company has to be dominant and people within the sub-cultures have to follow common goals and values. In other cases it is counter-productive and subcultures deny dominant culture and they can damage the whole company because subcultures can get in to the conflict and complicate integration and coordination within the organization.For dominant culture are typical definite communication within the company, Lear companys goal and values, desirable behavior, uniform attitudes and following quick decision making and planning and increasing motivation and team belonging. The majority of company believes in the core values of organization. But the strong cultures have to deal with some problems as less flexibility, sticking to the past experience; company is not too willing to accept change, isolation from the surrounding environment and information.On the other hand there exist weak co rporate cultures where there are really bad communication among members of company, variety of opinions and values and people do not follow companys core ideas. If the managers do not support meetings, cooperation a communication among employees, sharing information and experience, then people look for their own way how to communicate, solve the problems, make decisions and set up the priorities according to their own values, needs and wants. * A conclusion And back to the question what is betted? One company 1 culture or 1 company = many subcultures?Do we want one major culture where the well defined values and principles will be followed by almost all employees in the company? If course, we do. But what will be happening if these values and rainfalls are not so clearly defined and managers do not follow it? Or these values are considered as fundamental and unchangeable and company never wants to accept another new approach although things are changing with time. The company finds itself in crisis. And what about the other possibility? What about the presence of some subcultures in the company? The one strong culture and co-existed other subcultures?Subcultures which are different from each other, with different values, needs, behavior for example according to level of management or function but still identifying with the core values of dominant culture of the company. But what will be happening in the case that the cul ture is not so dominant? Then people in the subcultures will have totally different opinions, they will follow other values and the goal of the company will be different and company will have big difficulties to achieve their goals, satisfy their employees and also customers, the communication will be confused and a lot of conflicts will be occurred.So how to get to the ideal solution? As we know nothing is ideal but we can try to get to ideal solution as closer as possible. In case of one main culture and other subcultures on my opinion the organization should insist on clear and accurate definitions of its strategy, mission the fundamental purpose of the organization, what business the company is, vision where does company wish to go? , core values what are the desired behavior and characters, attitudes and etc. Also another really important thing is clear formulation of well-arranged conditions of work, e. G. Squired ways of behavior at work (dress code, manners), assessment, remuneration, education and trainings (mandatory or voluntary) Of employees. Company should inform their employees not only about changes but also about all things mentioned above as much as possible. Each a new employee should be familiarized with companys strategy, its values, mission, vision and so on. Company should also support communication among particular subcultures for example organizing regular meeting where they will make them acquainted with all news in each subculture, with changes, outcomes, future plans and all important things which happened.Another advice which I would recommend is to arrange demodulating activities and trips, comma my-wide actions (cultural, sport, charity) which converge employees together. And managers also take care of different opinions and values of his employees and appropriately titivated them. In case of the one dominant culture without any subcultures in the company would recommend to target the opened mind during a decision making and take into account and assess more alternative than one and for example the company can hire some external experts in a lot of tasks because they can bring a lot of new ideas into the company.Also an employee participation in many staff trainings, courses and seminars and their exchange of experience there can help to see things in a different light. Because nowadays the life is going really fast, things are change every day, genealogical progress and also peoples thinking as well that is why think that company should be open to all changes, new approaches and methods so on my opinion and with respect to present time the one strong culture with many subcultures is the most suitable for companies.And we have to take into account th at organizational culture is not important only for current employees of the company but also for new coming employees; sometimes people prefer atmosphere in the company to for example salary. And corporate culture gives current employees some confidence what direction he company will take and what they can expect. Because when we have a look at this fast going and changing world it is clear and understandable that people need security jobs and income and the right corporate culture can help to find it and also maintain it.